覆膜滤料对特殊烟尘处理的优越性

覆膜滤料是新型的过滤材料 ,弥补了普通滤料在烟尘处理过程中的不足。特别是对含油雾、粘结性强的粉尘以及高湿等特殊烟尘治理具有良好的效果     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用

以多孔石墨电极为阴极 ,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气 ,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2 +进行随后化学反应 ,现场生成羟基自由基 (Fenton试剂 ) ,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化 ,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明 ,COD的去除率大于 80 % ,染料的脱色率达 1 0 0 % ,若将电解电流密度控制在 1 0mA/cm2 以下 ,槽电压可控制在 5V以内。实验结果表明 ,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。     

A comparison of mussels (Perna viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for monitoring chlorinated trace organic contaminants in Hong Kong coastal waters

A comparison of mussels (Perna viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) was carried out at five sites, representing a gradient of contaminant concentrations, in Hong Kong coastal waters. Mussels, originally collected from a “clean” location, were deployed along with SPMDs at each site for 30 days. Analyses for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) indicated that SPMDs have potential as monitoring tools, and to some extent can overcome the problems associated with mussels, such as natural variability, differing age, sex, and physical condition. However, in most cases, SPMDs failed to rank the sites in the same order as mussels in terms of contaminant concentrations. Nonetheless, in localities where mussels cannot survive – as shown at Kwun Tong in the present experiment – SPMDs may be valuable in providing an indication of potentially bio-available lipophilic pollutants.     

低碳氮比进水AAO污水处理厂低碳运行

为探明低碳氮比进水条件下AAO污水处理厂的碳排放特征,提出可行的低碳运行策略,基于排放因子法对7座低碳氮比进水AAO污水处理厂(分为AAO组和AAO-MBR组)运行1a产生的碳排放进行核算与评价,对具有显著低碳表现的污水处理厂开展全流程分析剖析其碳减排途径。结果表明,电耗和N₂O排放是主要碳排放来源,分别贡献49.43%和25.75%的碳排放。AAO-MBR组以间接碳排放为主,电耗碳排放占至约60%,而AAO组生物作用导致的直接碳排放占主导。AAO组平均吨水比碳排放显著低于AAO-MBR组(0.47和0.79kgCO_2eq/m³),更具低碳运行潜力。7座污水处理厂中,WWTP7各项比碳排放评价指标均为最低,意味着其最具低碳运行能力。充分利用进水碳源,多路径协同脱氮除磷同时精准控制溶解氧浓度避免过曝气是其大幅削减能耗和物耗,实现碳减排的关键路径。     

Effects of co-exposure to lead and manganese on learning and memory deficits

Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are common neurotoxins. However, individuals are subject to co-exposures in real life, and it is therefore important to study these metals in combination. Weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to drinking water solutions containing Pb (100 mg/L), Mn (2.5 mg/mL) or a mixture, and each treatment had its own minocycline (50 mg/(kg•day)) supplement group. The results showed a significant difference in spatial memory and induction levels of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in all exposure groups when compared with controls. The combined-exposure group exhibited the most pronounced effect when compared with each of the single-metal exposure groups. Microglia displayed activation at day 3 after exposure alone or in combination, while astrocytes showed activation at day 5, accompanied by decreased expression levels of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS. Furthermore, the levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft increased significantly. When microglial activation was inhibited by minocycline, the activation of astrocytes and the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS were both reversed. In addition, upon minocycline treatment, hippocampal LTP impairment and cognitive injury were significantly alleviated in each of the exposure groups. These results suggest that combined exposure to Pb and Mn can cause greater effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity when compared to single-metal exposure groups. The reason may involve abnormal activation of microglia leading to excessive regulation of astrocytes, resulting in glutamate reuptake dysfunction in astrocytes and leading to perturbed cognition and synaptic plasticity.     

Influence of dissolved organic matter on methylmercury transformation during aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge under different C/N ratios

Current knowledge about the transformation of total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in aerobic composting process is limited. In this study, the composition and transformation of mercury and dissovled organic matter (DOM) in aerobic composting process of municipal sewage sludge were were comprehensively characterized, and the differences among the three C/N ratio (20, 26 and 30) were investigated. The main form of mercury in C/N 20 and 26 was organo-chelated Hg (F3, 46%-60%); while the main form of mercury in C/N 30 was mercuric sulfide (F5, 64%-70%). The main component of DOM in C/N 20 and 26 were tyrosine-like substance (C1, 53%-76%) while the main fractions in C/N 30 were tyrosine-like substance (C1, 28%-37%) and fulvic-like substance (C2, 17%-39%). The mercury and DOM varied significantly during the 9 days composting process. Compared to C/N 20 and 26, C/N 30 produced the less MeHg after aerobic composting process, with values of 658% (C/N 20), 1400% (C/N 26) and 139% (C/N 30) of the initial, respectively. Meanwhile, C/N 30 produced the best compost showed greater degree of DOM molecular condensation and humification. Hg fraction had been altered by DOM, as indicated by a significant correlation between mercury species and DOM components. Notably, C/N 30 should be used as an appropriate C/N ratio to control the methylation processes of mercury and degration of DOM.     

Identification of visible colored dissolved organic matter in biological and tertiary municipal effluents using multiple approaches including PARAFAC analysis

This study provided insights into the persistent yellowish color in biological and tertiary effluents of municipal wastewater through a multi-characterization approach and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis. The characterization was performed on three to five full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including differential log-transformed absorbance (DLnA) spectroscopy, resin fractionation, size-exclusion chromatography for apparent molecular weight analysis (SEC-AMW), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Hydrophobic acids (HPOA) were abundant in visible colored dissolved organic matter (DOM). The SEC-AMW result showed that the molecular weight of the colored substances in the secondary effluents is mainly distributed in the range of 2–3 kDa. Through XPS analysis, C-O/C-N and pyrrolic/pyridonic (N-5) were found to be positively correlated with chroma. PARAFAC component models were built on biological (two components) and tertiary effluent (three components) and the correlation analysis revealed that PARAFAC component 2 in biological effluent (BE-C2) and component 1 in tertiary effluent (TE-C1), which were ascribed to Hydrophobic acids and Humic acid-like, were the responsible visible colored DOM components cause yellowish color. In addition, component similarity testing found that the identified visible colored DOM PARAFAC BE-C2, and PARAFAC TE-C1 were identical (0.96) in physicochemical properties, with 4% removal efficacy on average, compared with 11% for invisible colored DOM. This implied that tertiary effluents containing colorants (TE-C1) were resistant to degradation/removal using different disinfection and filtration processes in advanced treatments. This sheds light on many physicochemical aspects of PARAFAC-identified visible colored DOM components and provides spectral data to build an online monitoring system.     

油气井用安全避爆点火装置可靠性研究

目的 解决石油开采电缆射孔工艺中雷管存在的早爆风险给井场带来的安全隐患。方法 设计油气井用安全避爆点火装置,选用高安全性大电流雷管,采用电路隔离、传爆序列隔离设计方案,对装置内的压缩弹簧进行选型设计与分析,并完成该装置的保险解除及复位模拟试验。结果 所设计的安全避爆点火装置,使用截径5 mm规格的弹簧能满足压力导通要求,以及泄压后弹簧克服蠕变性能损失使装置切换为安全状态的要求,确保了施工状态与未施工状态下的管柱安全性。结论 该装置应用于电缆射孔作业中,提高了施工可靠性,同时可确保现场作业人员的安全。     

Estimation of Avian Influenza Viruses in Water Environments of Live Poultry Markets in Changsha,China, 2014 to 2018

Food and Environmental Virology - In routine surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environments of live poultry markets (LPMs), certain samples were positive for AIVs type A while...     

长江流域着生藻类群落结构的空间格局及其生态评价

在长江流域河流区域共布设了130个采样点开展着生藻类调查,范围涵盖了自长江源区至入海口的干流重点区域、八大一级支流和三峡支流.长江干流着生藻类密度从高到低依次为长江上游、长江源区、长江中下游和金沙江,整个干流自西向东着生藻类群落空间格局呈现硅藻门和蓝藻门交替占优的形式,硅藻（舟形藻）在干流具最大竞争优势,干流着生藻类群落分布与总氮、总磷和pH密切相关.长江支流中,三峡支流着生藻类密度显著高于八大一级支流,所有支流着生藻类群落主要为蓝藻门,蓝藻（鞘丝藻）在长江支流具最大竞争优势,支流着生藻类群落分布与溶解氧和pH密切相关.着生藻类的多样性分析及水生态评价显示,长江源区物种丰富度较低,但均匀度指数较高,因此是α多样性最高的区域,也是水生态评价较好的区域（β中污型）;长江中下游尽管评价也为β中污型,但着生藻类群落均匀度显著低于源区,导致其α多样性低于源区.水质评价显示长江流域各区域均为良好,但区域间的WQI指数仍具显著差异,而且其差异结果与水生态评价结果不一致,因此建议结合水生态和水质两种评价结果从而更全面地评价水生态系统健康.